{"id":7879,"date":"2022-09-28T10:44:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T09:44:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vocalegalglobal.com\/occidental-v-ecuador\/"},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T10:15:16","slug":"occidental-v-ecuador","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vocalegalglobal.com\/zh-hans\/occidental-v-ecuador\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u201d – Occidental v. Ecuador"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u201d – Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Occidental Petroleum v Ecuador<\/span><\/i> \u7684 ICSID \u4ef2\u88c1\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u4e89\u8bae\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u8d77\u77f3\u6cb9\u6295\u8d44\u6ca1\u6536\u6848\uff0c\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u4e8e 2012 \u5e74 10 \u6708 5 \u65e5\u4f5c\u51fa 17.7 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6295\u8d44\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8fbe 7.6 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u7684 40%\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u56e0\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u7a3f\u800c\u5bf9\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u89e3\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7d22\u8d54\u65b9 Occidental Petroleum \u662f\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u8005\uff0c\u4e0e\u8be5\u56fd\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u5408\u540c\u3002\u8be5\u5408\u540c\u7981\u6b62\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u5728\u672a\u7ecf\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u5176\u5728\u5408\u540c\u9879\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002\u5f53 Occidental \u4e8b\u5148\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\u5c06\u5176 40% \u7684\u6295\u8d44\u6743\u76ca\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e00\u5bb6\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\uff0c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u7531\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u4e0e\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0cOccidental \u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd-\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u53cc\u8fb9\u6295\u8d44\u6761\u7ea6 (BIT) \u5411\u7531 Yves Fortier\u3001David Williams \u548c Brigitte Stern \u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u63d0\u8d77\u56fd\u9645\u4ef2\u88c1\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u4ef2\u88c1\u5458\u7279\u522b\u719f\u6089\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u7684\u88c1\u51b3<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u7ec8\u6b62\u5408\u4f5c\u5408\u540c\u6784\u6210\u975e\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u6295\u8d44\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u4ee4\u8be5\u56fd\u8d54\u507f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u635f\u5931\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u989d\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684 40% \u6743\u76ca\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u5fc5\u987b\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6ca1\u6536\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u8f6c\u8ba9\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yves Fortier \u548c David Williams \u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5e76\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u672a\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u6240\u9700\u7684\u624b\u7eed\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u8ba9\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684 40% \u6743\u76ca\u7ee7\u7eed\u6784\u6210\u6240\u6ca1\u6536\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u8865\u507f\u3002\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u8fd1 7.6 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143 \u2014 \u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u51c6\u8861\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\u540e\uff0cBrigitte Stern \u6559\u6388\u5bf9\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cStern \u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u6240\u9700\u624b\u7eed\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bfc\u81f4 Occidental \u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684 40% \u6743\u76ca\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u6548\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6709\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u544a\u540e\u624d\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/span>\u9274\u4e8e\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b64\u7c7b\u65e0\u6548\u5ba3\u544a\uff0cOccidental \u7684 40% \u6743\u76ca\u5728\u6ca1\u6536\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u6548\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u9700\u8981\u8d54\u507f\u7684\u6ca1\u6536\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/span><\/p>\n

Stern \u6559\u6388\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u591a\u6570\u610f\u89c1\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201d\u7684\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e24\u9879\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u201d<\/span>\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bef\u89e3\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u6548\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u4e3a\u672a\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684 \u201c<\/span>solemnidades<\/span><\/i>\u201d\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4eba\u5458\u5c06 \u201c<\/span>solemnidades\u201d\u00a0 <\/span><\/i>\u4e00\u8bcd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u3002<\/span>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Stern \u6559\u6388\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u610f\u89c1\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5177\u6709\u201c\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\uff1a<\/span> \u201c<\/span>solemnidades\u201d <\/span><\/i>\u4e00\u8bcd\u4ec5\u6307\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u516c\u5951\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201c<\/span>Solemnidad<\/span><\/i>\u201d \u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u6cdb\u6307\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u653f\u5e9c\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Stern \u6559\u6388\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c06\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0d\u201c\u4ee5\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u201d\uff0c<\/span>\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4e14\u771f\u6b63\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u65e0\u6548\u64a4\u9500<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5411 ICSID \u7533\u8bf7\u64a4\u9500 17.7 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u7531 ICSID \u4efb\u547d\u7684\u6548\u529b\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531 Fern\u00e1ndez-Armesto \u6559\u6388\u3001Florentino P. Feliciano \u6cd5\u5b98\u548c Rodrigo Oreamuno \u5148\u751f\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u5747\u4e3a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9 \u201csolemnidad\u201d \u4e00\u8bcd\u6b63\u786e\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u76f8\u5f53\u660e\u786e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5173\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u5747\u6d89\u53ca\u672a\u5728 \u201cinstrumento p\u00fablico\u201d\u516c\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e70\u5356\u627f\u8bfa\u3002\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u5408\u540c\u540c\u610f\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u7528 \u201csolemnidad\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d89\u53ca\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684 \u201cinstrumento p\u00fablico\u201d \u516c\u8bc1\u4e66\uff09\u3002\u672a\u8ba8\u8bba\u8f6c\u8ba9\u5408\u540c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 \u91c7\u7528\u201csolemnidad\u201d\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u2026\u53cc\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u5224\u4f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u672c\u6765\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5408\u540c\u56e0\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u884c\u653f\u6388\u6743\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ee5\u65e0\u6548\u4e3a\u7531\u64a4\u9500\u4e86 40% \u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5c06\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u989d\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7ea6 7 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Occidental v Ecuador \u7684\u6559\u8bad<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982 Stern \u6559\u6388\u5f02\u8bae\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u652f\u6301 <\/span>Occidental<\/span><\/i> \u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u672a\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9ed8\u8ba4\u201d\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span>\u867d\u7136\u6548\u529b\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08\u6839\u636e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u6587\u672c\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f Stern \u6559\u6388\u5173\u4e8e\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u6cd5\u5f8b\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u6b63\u5982 Stern \u6559\u6388\u5f02\u8bae\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c<\/span>\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f53\u4e8b\u65b9\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ecf\u5386\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u64a4\u9500\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u989d\u5916\u82b1\u8d39\u8d85\u8fc7 1,000 \u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Occidental<\/span><\/i> \u7684\u4f20\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u4ef2\u88c1\u5ead\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ffb\u8bd1\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u5e38\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0ICSID Case No ARB\/06\/11<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0<\/span>Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/i> Award, 5 October 2012, paras 626-644.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u00a0<\/span>Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/i> Decision on Annulment of the Award, 2 November 2015, para 241.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u00a0<\/span>Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/i> Dissenting Opinion of Professor Brigitte Stern, 20 September 2012, para 94.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u00a0<\/span>Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/i> Dissenting Opinion of Professor Brigitte Stern, 20 September 2012, para 78.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u00a0<\/span>Occidental v. Ecuador<\/span><\/i> Decision on Annulment of the Award, 2 November 2015, paras 575-576.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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